Análise da distribuição espacial e representatividade das unidades de conservação da zona costeira do Nordeste brasileiro

Abstract

The Coastal Zone of Northeastern Brazil has several landscapes and characteristic features, such as mangroves, sandbanks, dune fields, estuaries, coral reefs, rocky shores, cliffs and a variety of beaches, in addition to harboring a great biodiversity that is insufficiently known. The main objective of this work is to analyze the spatial distribution and representativeness of Conservation Units in priority ecosystems in the Coastal Zone of Northeast Brazil, specifically to quantify the UCs, to analyze their representativeness in priority areas of coastal ecosystems by states and to preliminarily discuss practiced environmental governance actions. The data were processed through shapefiles of UCs and priority areas obtained from the Ministry of Environment on March 20, 2020. At the same time, a questionnaire was prepared on Google Forms and sent to UC managements to capture information on governance. The results obtained show that the RPPN category stands out positively with 92 UCs, followed by Environmental Protection Area (APA) with 49 and Park respectively with 29, the State of Bahia has the largest number of UCs, with 101 of the 224 registered, where most of them are due to the 72 RPPNs in its territory, however, it is the State of Maranhão that has the largest number of priority protected areas for restinga (83.54%), estuaries (69.51%) and wetlands ( 39.96%), all with greater representation of APAs. A total of 39.38% of protected coastal areas were counted, fulfilling Aichi's goal number 11 for Biodiversity, which establishes the conservation of 10% of coastal areas. Regarding the marine zone of the Coastal Zone, using the calculated area of 1,950,758.87km ² , 25.03% of the territory is protected by Conservation Units, with predominance of areas of the APA category with 22.07% of the accounted percentage. It was found that all UCs responding to the questionnaire practice actions aimed at governance, however, as a main governance issue, there is the absence of a Management Plan or other management instrument that gives autonomy and legal certainty to act in the planning actions. Due to the results, priority must be given to the preservation of priority areas in ecosystems with less representativeness of UCs