Educação profissional e formação dos «desvalidos da fortuna»: higiene física e moral em Pelotas – Brasil, durante as décadas de 1920 e 1930

Abstract

Bearing in mind that physical, moral and urban hygiene were concepts whose relationship narrowed during the first decades of the 20th century in Brazil, or the present study aimed at the context of the city of Pelotas, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, which lived a time of urban improvements and reforms. No type of urban growth, such as the concerns related to the civility of the inhabitants of cities, is given greater prominence, notably the concern that has existed since the 19th century, with young people from the popular communities, considered as "deprived of fortune". This article, then, is dedicated to the study of the first decades of operation of the Agricultural Sponsor Visconde de Graça and the School of Arts and Crafts, institutions of professional education located in the city of Pelotas, in the south of Brazil. The first was opened in 1923 and the second in 1930. The objective is to understand a relationship between the institutions and the hygienist educational proposals for popular samples in the first decades of the 20th century, as well as an analysis of the photographs published in the press about schools mentioned above, based on the perspective of moralization and hygiene.