O regime internacional do clima e a proteção aos “refugiados climáticos”: quais desafios da COP 21?

Abstract

It is estimated that by the year 2050 the world count on 200 million “environmental refugees”. The concept of “environmental refugees” is very broad, including both those who are internally displaced, as those who cross international borders and will seek protection and better living conditions in foreign countries, due to environmental disasters. Considering the scope of this work, for this research will be adopted the term “climate refugees”. The term “climate refugees” represents a variation of the original concept presented on the “environmental refugees” regarding the cause of the displacement. The IPCC has already acknowledged the existence of a direct relationship of cause and effect between the impact of climate changes and the increasing number of displaced people worldwide. Considering that the international refugee law has failed to present a solution to the problem of “climate refugees”, the main purpose of this article is to analyze the measures already adopted in the field of the International Climate Regime, and what were the expectations and what was the actual outcome of the 21th Climate Conference on this issue. The relevance of this work is justified on the fact that the Paris climate conference was one of the best opportunities for the promotion of the “climate refugees” rights. The methodology will be bibliographical, theoretical, descriptive, exploratory and dialectic. In the end, it was concluded that there were concrete expectations that the COP21 had as a result measures of protection for victims of climate effects. The document remained approved at the end of the COP21, however, kept the Warsaw mechanism without major advances with regard to the protection of “climate refugees”.