Análise crítica do discurso negro em forma de grafite: questionando sentidos dominantes através do discurso multimodal

Abstract

Racism against black people in Brazil is a latent problem, provocative, and complex even though a few social sectors try to make the situation invisible. This reality makes this research relevant by raising critical questions about the subjects constitution and their discourse on racism, but mainly to cover the inserted discourse in tense social practices in response to the dominant and asymmetrical power relations setter discourse. From the Social Theory of Norman Fairclough’s Discourse (2001), the Grammar of Visual Design by Gunther Kress and van Leeuwen (2006) and Hanks’ text concept (2008), we conducted a critical analysis of three images (graffiti) present in public spaces (wall and sidewalk) on Juvenal Galeno Street (Benfica) and 13 de Maio Avenue (Bairro de Fátima) in the city of Fortaleza - CE. We seek, therefore, to relate to the implications of these three theoretical frameworks in our analysis: Fairclough’s definition of discourse as a social practice, together with its text design as a social formation, the Grammar of Visual Design’s suggestive symbolic conceptual process, and the dynamic text design proposed by Hanks. The visual set consisting of text and image in graffiti reveals multimodal discourse of a black movement that seeks to question the way imposed by the dominant racist discourse. Contrary to common sense argues, graffiti are constructions impregnated of meaning that produce subjectivities and can transform the social imagination.