Diversidade de raias marinhas na costa do Brasil e seus estados de ameaça nacional e global

Abstract

Brazil has a high diversity of marine fishes, consisting of approximately 1,300 species. Among these, the marine stingrays stand out because they are k-strategist animals and have great vulnerability to fishing. In this context, the present study aimed to survey the species of stingray that occur on the Brazilian coast and its threatened status by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and the Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio). For the study, bibliographic reviews were made related to the occurrence of stingrays in the Brazilian coast. Later, the global threat states were consulted in the IUCN and national datasheets in the ICMBio of 2016, which were compared. A total of 66 species were found, distributed in 35 genera and 11 families, with the genera Dipturus and Psammobatis with 4 species each and Mobula with 5. Of the 66 species occurring in the Brazilian coast, the IUCN has already evaluated 60, 40.0% of which are in the Deficient Data (DD), 11.7% as Least Concern (LC), 13.3% in Near Threat (NT), 25.0% in Vulnerable (VU), 3.3% Endangered (EN) and 6.7% as Critically Endangered (CR). In the national evaluation 60 species of the present study were also evaluated, 46.7% as DD, 11.7% as LC, 3.3% being NT, 16.7% were categorized with VU, 8.3% in EN and 13.3% in CR. When comparing global and national threat states, 39.4% agree, however, 60.6% have divergences in threat classification. Therefore, it is well known that the fishing activity has been causing serious damage to the stingray populations of the coast of Brazil and the world, and can conclude that according to IUCN data 35% of the species occurring in Brazil are in a worrisome state, percentage increase to 38.3%.