Análises das implicações psicossociais dos processos de migração rural-urbano de jovens universitários

Abstract

This research is in the field of Psychology, youth and poverty, and is dedicated to further the psychosocial implications of the migration process of young people towards studying mental health, in higher education. Thus, we seek to problematize the psychosocial implications of the rural-urban migration process and how it interferes with the sentiment of community, the university entry, the ways of sociability and integration which, jointly, can have an impact on college students mental health. The starting question is: how do the psychosocial implications of the rural-urban migration processes impact the mental health of young college students, of countryside origins? The main objective is to analyze how these psychosocial implications of the rural-urban migration processes impact the mental health of young college students, of countryside origins. For this purpose, a mixed approach was adopted, whereas, in the first stage, of quantitative type, a questionnaire was applied, with a group of 138 subjects. The quantitative data was tabulated and analyzed by using the SPSS 21.1 software. Among the procedures done, we can name descriptive analysis, T Test, Correlation, ANOVA and Regression. In the second stage, we have done fourteen interviews, with audio recording, with later transcription and analysis with the help of the Atlas ti 5.2 software, and through Content Analysis. The participating subjects were both students from the Sobral Campus, of the Federal University of Ceará, and also participants of the Housing Aid Program, from the Student Affairs Department. They were all students from the undergraduate courses of Medicine, Economic Sciences, Computer Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Music, Odontology and Psychology. Most students visited their home community at least twice a month, mas did not consider moving back permanently to the rural area. The sentiment of community acquired a new psychosocial configuration, due to the fact that the young migrants no longer showed interest in returning to their hometowns. They consider moving away from their hometowns as an important step towards growing up and developing, however, they tend to demonstrate a sentiment of community represented by a relation of pleasure and rest. Regarding mental health, more than half of the participating students are in a situation of risk for the occurrence of Common Mental Disorders, characterized by the decrease of vital energy. Poverty and Migration are conditions that can increase the vulnerability of the subject to illnesses. On the other hand, the access to a student aid policy is a factor that contributes to confronting poverty and the educational ascension of the young student from a rural area. So, we reach the conclusion that the manifestation of psychological distress has been occurring in students through somatic symptoms and social integration problems in higher education, not often recognized as indications of psychological compromise. Finally, it is important to note that a social support network is fundamental to recreating an academic environment more favorable to the mental health of the students.