Avaliação química de diferentes usos e ocupação do solo em um assentamento rural sob condições semiáridas

Abstract

The semi-arid region characterized by dry climate, low average rainfall and more than half of the days with water deficit, has as main mode of economic exploitation the agricultural activities, due to environmental vulnerability it is necessary to adopt soil conservation and monitoring practices. Thus the present work aims to characterize chemically and spectrally the soils under different management practices used by family farming in the Vida Nova - Aragão settlement in Miraíma, Ceará, Brazil. The methodology used was the collection of soil in four areas of the community: productive yard, rainfed with consortium, legal reserve and degraded area, then performed chemical, spectral and statistical analyzes. The results were divided into: interrelationship and spatial analysis of the studied elements, interpretation of soil chemical analysis, comparison of chemical attributes in the different uses and the spectral behavior of the analyzed soils. In conclusion, the productive yard showed the highest nutrient values due to the management practices used in the area (incorporation of organic matter, irrigation, soil cover and intercropping) and the degraded area presented the lowest values of nutrients and fertility probably due to inadequate management with the use of machinery in the area for plowing of soil, exportation of nutrients by crops and non-replacement of nutrients to the soil. Conservation measures were necessary to recover the attributes from soil. In the spectral response when compared to the four areas the productive yard showed lower reflectance due to the higher organic matter input and the degraded area showed higher reflectance in almost the entire spectrum because of the lower organic matter content