Efetividade de um programa educativo para prevenção de obesidade infantil

Abstract

The objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of the educational program aimed at preventing obesity among school adolescents, anchored in the trans-theoretical model of behavior change. Quasi-experimental study of a single group, with a quantitative and qualitative approach carried out with adolescents, of both sexes, who were attending the first year of high school at a high school in the municipality of Sobral, Ceará, during the period from April to July 2019. The educational program had 16 meetings at a location provided by the institution and included activities carried out in groups and individually, including: physical exercise, anthropometric measurement, physical examination, nutritional guidelines and health education to change habits. Data collection took place in the following phases: 1) sensitizing students to participate in the study; 2) application of four self-completed questionnaires referring to sociodemographic variables, motivation of students to practice physical exercises, knowledge of eating habits and stages of behavioral change; 3) Verification of anthropometric measurements and physical examination of the participants. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. As it is a study involving human beings, it was guided by Resolution No. 466, of December 12, 2012, of the National Health Council, respecting the aspectsethics, CAAE: 08284719.3.0000.5053. There was a predominance of females (97.4%) over males (2.3%). Regarding marital status, (97.4%) were single. As for color, (66.7%) said they were brown and in terms of origin, most were from the city of Sobral (94.9%). Regarding family composition, the majority was composed of three (25.6%) or four (25.6%) people. It was observed that (25.6%) of the family guardians had attended incomplete elementary school, followed by complete high school (23.1%) and incomplete (23.1%), which represents a low level of education. The most external motivational regulations had low results, contrasting with the more internal ones that presented higher values. None of the motivational regulations showed satisfactory values, except for external regulation (0.057). Most adolescents do not practice physical activity regularly, showing demotivation. During the interventions there was a reduction in the anthropometric variables, however, it was identified that there was no progress in the stages and behavior change proposed by the Prochaska and Di'clemente model, this factor is associated with the difficulty of understanding when filling in the scales proposed by the study. Regarding the classification of the stages of behavior change, it was found that in the M-1a most students were in the pre-contemplation stage (66.7%), during the moments of collection from M-1 to M-4, he observed There is a slight increase in the percentage of contemplation. It stands out, although few students were in the preparation stage. It is concluded that the educational program for the prevention of juvenile obesity is a valid tool to be used by health professionals in conjunction with the school, favoring health promotion, obesity prevention and the empowerment of school adolescents.