Ensaios sobre desemprego involuntário, seguro-desemprego e salário de reinserção no Brasil urbano e rural

Abstract

This dissertation consists of two essays that explore issues about involuntary unemployment, unemployment insurance and reintegration salary in urban and rural Brazil. The first essay, entitled "Conditioning factors of involuntary unemployment in Brazil", addresses unemployment that is a theme that has been addressed widely in the literature from the macroeconomic perspective, but from the microeconomy perspective the literature is still quite young, there are few studies related to involuntary unemployment on this point. Thus, the aim of this first essay is to study the constraints of involuntary unemployment in Brazil and investigate the existence of possible discrimination within the market. To achieve this goal, to find the microeconomic constraints that influence involuntary unemployment, a Logit model was used, elected from some selection tests applying in data extracted from the microdata of PNAD 2015. Among the main results, it was found that younger men, rural residents, and who have a higher level of education, try to be less in the condition of involuntary unemployment. On the other hand, analyzing the marginal effects of the variables race and marital status confirm the patterns observed in the literature, where non-white and/or single individuals are more likely to be unemployment than whites, which suggests discrimination in employers' hiring practices. The second essay, "Salary of reintegration into the Brazilian labor market from the Unemployment Insurance Program", provides new estimates of the effect of the Brazilian Unemployment Insurance Program by disaggregating it in urban and rural areas, using Research data National by Household Sample (PNAD) on individuals in 2015, applying for empirical analysis the Discontinuous Regression method, added covariate and balanced by entropy. The objective is to ascertain whether there is an effect of the benefit on the reinsertion salary and whether it has a positive relationship, starting from the theoretical references of human capital theory and the job offer. Among the main results found, the program does not make any significant changes in the reinsertion salary, excerpt for the rural environment. It was also found that men receive a lower reintegration salary than women and that the Northeast region holds the best reintegration wages.