Proposta de ensino de modelos viscoelásticos de Maxwell e de Kelvin-Voigt

Abstract

In Brazil, science education in high schools faces many historical challenges that still need to be overcome. Physics, for instance, is considered by the students as one of the least attractive and interesting subjects. This is due to repetitive classroom methodologies as well as the bad and intensive use of mathematics. In order to make their classes less abstracts, physics teachers usually present real examples of what is being studied. However, even though such examples can leave the students out of abstraction only citing examples may not be enough. Interdisciplinarity has been used as an alternative to this traditional way of teaching physics. In this monography, we propose the interdisciplinary and contextualized teaching between physics and biology. Our proposal also considers the joint work between teachers of these subjects, so that students can understand, for example, a relationship between cancer cells and viscoelasticity. This can explain why cancer cell motilit increases, favoring metastasis. This work also provides mechanical analogies that can be made while studying the viscoelastic models of Maxwell and Kelvin-Voigt. Finally, this proposal also brings a questionnaire in order to facilitate the learning through these mechanical analogies.