Ocorrência de retinopatia da prematuridade em recém-nascidos de muito baixo peso em maternidade de referência terciária no município de Fortaleza – CE

Abstract

Objective: To know the rates of retinopathy of prematurity(ROP) in newborns (NB) ≤ 1500g and/or ≤ to 32 weeks, in the neonatal service of a tertiary public maternity hospital in the city of Fortaleza. Methods: A cross-sectional, retrospective study of secondary data, where data were collected in medical records in a 1-year period, using a simple questionnaire. Results: 434 newborns were born and of these, deaths, transfers, malformations and congenital infections were excluded. 119 medical records were included in the study. Of these, 31(26%) patients presented ROP, with predominance of stage II (61.3%), zone II (93.5%), without plus (64.5%), of which 45.2% underwent laser treatment. There was a predominance of extreme premature (61.3%), weight less than 1000g (71%), female sex (54.8%) and vaginal delivery (61.3%). The majority of NBs required a resuscitation maneuver (67.7%). 96.8% presented respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), 77.4% used surfactant and had oxygen therapy time greater than 30 days. Persistence of ductus arteriosus (PCA) was diagnosed in 58.1%, clinical sepsis in 93.5% and anemia in 96.8%. Conclusion: the majority of cases of ROP were in premature newborns with an evolution closely related to common comorbidities in the neonatal period.