Infecção relacionada à assistência à saúde precoce em unidade neonatal de alto risco

Abstract

Infections related to Health Care (IRAS), neonatology, include both the care-associated infections, and those related to failure to care, prevention, diagnosis and treatment, the example of transplacental and early neonatal of maternal origin. The IRAS affect more than 30% of neonates, and when compared to the pediatric population, their rates can be up to five times higher. It is estimated that in Brazil, 60% of infant mortality occur in the neonatal period, neonatal sepsis is a major cause. The research aimed to characterize the early neonatal infections related to health care occurred in newborns of Neonatal Intensive Care Units of Maternity School Assis Chateaubriand (MEAC). This is a cross-sectional study, descriptive and exploratory in nature with a quantitative approach. Data were collected in the period from January to March 2012, through the records of the Committee on Infection Control (HICC). The study identified 545 infants with early infection admitted to the units in the period January 2010 to December 2011. It was performed bivariate and multivariate outcomes (prematurity, low birth weight and death). Newborn surveyed, most were born underweight, and 81% were preterm. In the analysis using as dependent variable prematurity, the gender variable shows a statistically significant association with the outcome OR = 1.67. Being female is a risk almost twice as in preterm birth compared to males. Using as dependent variable low weight < 2.500 g, the gender variable was statistically significant association with outcome OR = 1.94. Being female is a risk almost twice as being born weighing less than 2.500 g. Another statistical association is low gestational age and low birth weight OR = 60.3 Premature infant has nearly 60 times more likely to be born underweight compared those born at term. In bivariate logistic regression analysis, death, and independent variables, for those born with a gestational age < 37 weeks showed statistically significant association with outcome OR = 4.14 and low birth weight OR = 3.94. We conclude that early neonatal infection has a high incidence in newborns. They are difficult to control because it is dependent on the quality of nursing during the prenatal, perinatal and neonatal care.