Estudos fitogeográficos no gênero Campomanesia Ruiz & Pavón para a região nordeste do Brasil (Myrtaceae Juss.)

Abstract

It is crucial to determine the distribution patterns of species, because knowing that we can understand how environmental problems are affecting biodiversity on the planet. In addition, such knowledge is important for the definition of areas that can be considered a priority for conservation. For this purpose, some groups of representative organisms are used to evaluate such priority areas, among them, Myrtaceae. The areas of greater richness and diversity of the family are threatened by problems arising from anthropic action, especially in the Brazilian northeast. Considering the previous surveys of the distribution and identification of the genus Campomanesia, it was hypothesized that the genus has a distribution associated with the coastal Atlantic Forest and its fragments. In this context, this work aims to clarify: 1) the distribution patterns for the species of the genus Campomanesia present in the northeast region and 2) the areas of greatest richness and diversity of the species of Campomanesia in the region. A total of 14 species that have reported distribution to the region were selected. The geographic distribution data of the species were obtained through the online platform of the CRIA (Environmental Information Reference Center). From the data, the richness and the diversity of species in the northeast region were calculated, besides being executed distribution similarity analysis. The phytogeographic patterns and the distribution of the species found were described and compared with previous works. It was found that the genus is distributed throughout the four phytogeographic provinces reported to the northeast. The ecological niche modeling for the present revealed that the species may have a larger distribution than is currently known. Two major species distribution similarity groups, A and B, were also listed, and two species did not fit into either group. Group A presents a distribution pattern in the Atlantic Province and fragments of the Atlantic Forest in humid or moist mountain ranges. Group B is present in Bahia, Chapada Diamantina and in Atlantic forest region of this state, and in Piauí. The centers of richness and diversity of the genus predominate in the states of Bahia, Rio Grande do Norte and Paraíba, generally in ecotones or in areas with low seasonality and high precipitation rates.