Ocorrência de ações e práticas sustentáveis da pesca na comunidade pesqueira de Mundaú-CE

Abstract

The marine waters of Brazil represent a big source of food and generate employment and income. Studies show that the maritime fishing production in the state of Ceará has been facing a sharp fall. Various reasons may be triggering the current productive crisis of the fishing sector of Ceará. Among these reasons stands out an excessive fishing effort on a particular species, the use of illegal to the fishing materials, the intensive use of trawls near the coast and the damages from the various inadequate occupations in coastal areas of Ceará. Based on this bias, this study aims to analyze the occurrence of sustainable fishing practices in the fishing community of Mundaú, in Trairí - Ceará. Participatory Rural Diagnostic (RPD) activities were carried out, seeking to include representative groups of the community. To obtain the socio-economic and fishing characteristics of the region, structured and semi-structured interviews were used. With the workshops, results were obtained indicating precariousness in basic services to the community, absence of efficient public policies and evidence of actions that go against the sustainability of the environment that subsidizes fishing. The participants observed critically the needs of their area, helping in the conscious awakening towards a sustainable management of the environment. 106 male fishermen were interviewed, with an average age of 47 years, the most of them unschooled. The canoe is the most used boat in fishing, there is predominance of boats of up to five meters in length, with autonomy of up to one day. Most fishermen are owners of their fishing gear, where the use of the fishing waiting network, hand line and “caçoeira” prevails. They fish five days a week, from nine to thirteen hours a day. The most fished species are sawfish (Scomberomorus brasiliensis), sardines (Opisthonema oglinum), ariacó (Lutjanus synagris) and lobster (Panurilus argus) and (Panulirus laevicauda). The best time for fishing in the region is from October to December. The best depth for reported fishing is 50 to 80 meters, and the predominant bottom of the fishing sites was biogenic gravel. During the fishing the storage of the fish is made in ice. The projects and training courses for fishermen are considered scarcely accessible, as is the inspection of fishing in the region. Most fishermen are affiliated with the fishermen's colony and said that young people are not interested in fishing. Tourism in the region is considered positive for the movement of the economy. This research demonstrated that RPD techniques are effective in identifying problems in the community. The performance of public policies as guiding agents for the promotion of education, awareness, supervision and monitoring, it is essential for the fishing community of Mundaú to find the guidelines for an adequate management of environmental and fishing resources.