Biodiversidade e hábito alimentar de insetos fitófagos associados às Spondias spp. no Brasil

Abstract

The Anacardiaceae family includes several important fruit species, such as Spondias (cajá, umbu, serigüela, cajarana, umbu-cajá), all of which are fruit trees, exploited in an extractive way or in domestic orchards, with socioeconomic importance for the North and Northeastern Brazil. The objective of this work was to survey the phytophagous species associated with Spondias spp. in Brazil, emphasizing their biodiversity and eating habits, as well as evaluating the level of infestation of fruit flies (Anastrepha spp.) present in Cajazeira fruits in Pacajus-CE. For this, several sources of study were consulted, using important reference works, as well as technical-scientific publications. According to the results, it is concluded that: 1. Among the orders of the class Insecta that are phytophagous of Spondias spp., It was observed in the total of 51 species of 28 different families. These species attack leaves, inflorescences, stem, trunks, branches, seeds, branches and fruits; 2. The orders Coleoptera and Lepidoptera presented the largest numbers of families; however, the orders Diptera (10), Hemiptera (10) and Lepidoptera (12) had a higher number of representatives; 3. Hemiptera and Coleoptera are the ones that presented the greatest diversity of food habit, since it has representatives feeding on branches, leaves, fruits, inflorescences, shoots, stem and seeds; 4. Among all the species mentioned in the literature associated with Spondias spp., Some species such as Hemiliopsis spondias and Phostria cuniculalis do not make clear the importance of the damages, nor of the feeding habits of these insects with Spondias spp .; 5. Of all 51 species cataloged in this study, only the Amblycerus dispar is a seed pest; 6. The high number of pupae / fruit, of the fruit flies, reflects the economic importance of this pest for the Spondias spp. The number of natural enemies emerged also reflects the importance of these parasitoids as agents of natural biological control; 7. Anastrepha species are considered primary pests of Spondias spp.; 8. The relationships between Spondias spp. Fruits, fruit fly species and associated natural enemies should be expanded to establish new strategies that allow the multiplication and preservation of these native parasitoids.