Avaliação do processo cicatricial de úlceras venosas em pacientes em tratamento com a tecnologia bota de Unna

Abstract

Introduction: The wound healing process is dynamic and depends of factors intrinsic and extrinsic to the patient. One these factors is the care offered to the injury, cleaning, changing the dressing and choosing of the appropriate therapy. The care of chronic wounds and the choice of coverage is one of the skills of the nurse professional and should be based on evidence of benefits for healing. The Unna boot is a type of coverage technology that can be used in the treatment of chronic venous ulcers. Objective: To verify the cicatricial process of chronic venous ulcers treated with the Unna boot technology. Method: Longitudinal, consecutive and convenient (non-probabilistic) descriptive study, developed in an outpatient clinic of a university hospital in Fortaleza-CE. Follow-up occurred in four meetings. To identify the social demographic profile of the subjects, a baseline variable instrument with 25 questions was used for clinical evaluation of the lesions, an instrument containing 14 observational aspects to measure the size of the ulcers, a sulphite paper ruler, and for photographic recording, Full HD 13 MP camera. Data were stored in Microsoft Excel® spreadsheets and analyzed statistically by Friedman's and Cochran's Q tests, which were considered as significance level p <0.05. The study was approved by the Public Ethics Committee under opinion 3,358,174. Results: 18 ulcers were evaluated in a total of 14 patients. Prevalence was of males (71.4%), mean age of 61 years, married (57.1%), retired (64.3%), with 1-5 years of study (57.1%). As risk factors hypertension systemic (50%), and overweight (50%). Of the lesions: location in MID (55.6%), medial malleolus (66.7%), medium size, between 11-100 cm3, (72%). There was statistical significance for the area reduction at the last meeting (p-value = 0.000). With partial depths (66.7%), passing in the last meeting to predominate superficial (61.1%), statistical significance (p-value = 0.015). Serum exudate (100%), small amount (77.8%), granulation tissue (65.3%), characteristic odor (61.1%), dry border (55.6%), erythematous-dry adjacent skin (27.8) and erythematous-wet (27.8%), pain in the lesion 1/10 scores (50%). Conclusion: The dressing with the boot technology of Unna seems to favor the healing process in venous ulcers, as it was observed there was reduction in size, depth, tissue improvement and reduction of pain during the accompanying period. It is hoped that these results will contribute to the clinical decision of the nurse supporting their behavior.