Saneamento rural sustentável: sistemas alternativos para a região dos sertões de Crateús

Abstract

In Brazil, basic sanitation, mainly sanitary sewage, still has insufficient infrastructure, since the most used technology for the disposal of domestic sewage is the absorbent cesspits. This infrastructure is even more critical in rural areas, areas of more difficult access and low government investment, which has made alternative systems of treatment and disposal of liquid waste present as a good solution to this problem. Thus, this study aimed to analyze alternative low cost systems for the disposal of liquid waste to rural areas of the northeastern semi-arid region. For this, a study was carried out in the rural region of the Sertões de Crateús, in the western center of the state of Ceará. We investigated the technical and financial feasibility of three alternative low-cost systems: green fossa; banana cycle; and the family bio-technology, already implemented in the region. The characterization of the study area was based on the analysis of the following key parameters for the feasibility of implementing the proposed technologies: per capita income, employability rate, education rate, population, age group, adequate sanitary sewage rate, precipitation, evapotranspiration, insolation and soil type of the Sertões de Crateús microregion. In addition, for the familiar bio-water technology already in place in the region, reports, manuals, technical visits and qualitative analyzes of reuse water were analyzed. From this, the parameters Temperature (° C), pH, Dissolved Oxygen (ppm), Ammonia Nitrogen (ppm) and Iron (ppm) were analyzed. It was verified that the region of the Sertões de Crateús is suitable for the implantation of the bio-water technology, as well as an alternative system was proposed that is constituted of a green fossa and circle of banana trees, being analyzed scenarios with participative construction and labor contractor. It was also verified that alternative systems, such as the bio-water, are gaining their space in the Sertões de Crateús region, becoming an important tool on the awareness of gray water reuse for food production and complementary income for families since the water quality parameters analyzed are suitable for agricultural reuse. It was also verified that the green fossa system and circle of banana trees is an alternative for the reuse of black waters and gray waters, being a viable alternative for the families with less income with estimated cost of R $ 1,611,23. Finally, the study contributes to a better understanding of ecological sanitation, which can promote the emancipation of rural communities in relation to self-sustainability.