A retomada da construção dos grandes conjuntos e a consolidação da frente de expansão sul em Fortaleza-CE: o caso do Residencial Cidade Jardim I

Abstract

The performance of the State over the urban space, historically known for their bias in regards to social demands and for the dissociation between urban and housing policies, as well as the disengagement between their speeches and execution, contributed to the implementation of an unequal model of urbanization in Brazilian cities, which produced large socially segregated peripheries, conurbation and expanded areas with fragmented management and incomplete metropolization. The metropolitan urban space of Fortaleza is symbolic for the intensive construction of large housing blocks in the BNH’s policy period as an answer to the issue of accessible living places and how this has reinforced the expansion of precarious urban in which the right to the city is violated. The mass production of large housing complexes goes through a retraction associated with the pulverization of urban politics, being retaken through the social housing policy Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida (PMCMV), which reproduces the business based model characterized by large quantity of residential units and fast construction. Starting from the main goal of understanding the formation process and current urban dynamics acting on the urban periphery of Fortaleza through the analysis of elaboration and implementation of urban and housing policies, the South Expansion Front (Frente de Expansão Urbana – FES) is taken as the empiric object for it’s association to the housing policies since 1970 and it’s expressiveness in concentration the new large housing settlements approved in the second phase of PMCMV. In order to understand the impact of this production in the beneficiaries’ lives, the Residencial Cidade Jardim I (RCJI) has been taken as case study. Urban insertion studies, field visits, interviews, as well as the analysis of a local survey from 2016, are the highlighted adopted methodological procedures. The results point to: the verification of increased social homogeneization, segregation and exclusion through an institucionalized project of urban marginalization associated to insertion of the new public housing settlements; The instrumentalization of the PMCMV to disarticulate social movements; and the submission of social goals to economic goals; The consolidation of a conurbation project in a periphery where there is a large violation of city rights without any advances in the prospect of metropolitan management.