Cultivo das halófitas, batis maritima, sarcocornia ambigua e sporobolus virginicus, com águas residuárias da criação do camarão litopenaeus vannamei: experimentos de bancada em substrato com areia e sistema de aquaponia

Abstract

The aquaculture activity produces food and generates income, but the discard of effluents with dissolved and particulate nutrients in receive waters can cause environmental impact. The integration between the agricultural and aquaculture production can be a viable solution to optimization use of water with plant species that can add income to production. The specific physiological characteristics of halophytes make it possible to associate the culture of these species with the activity of creating saltwater shrimp, both for removal of organic nutrients and for the production of vegetal biomass. Therefore, the present study investigated of cultivating the halophytes Batis maritima, Sarcocornia ambigua and Sporobolus virginicus with wastewater from shrimp farming and the determination of minerals in the species B. maritima. In the study were carried out bench experiments in fiberglass boxes and in aquaponics systems using wastewater from shrimp farming Litopenaeus vannamei for the cultivation of halophytes. In the fiber tanks the growth of the species B. maritima and S. virginicus was compared when cultivated with shrimp culture water and when cultivated with water from the Pacoti river; the removal of orthophosphate, suspended solids and nitrogen from shrimp wastewater in recirclation systems. The B. maritima cultivated in 0.4 m2 with effluent obtained a biomass gain of 84.8 grams and that received water from the river loss of biomass. The cultivation of plants with effluent presented nitrogen, phosphorus and silica dioxide and other minerals in greater quantity than those cultivated with water from the river. In the aquaponics systems the interaction of the culture of the species B. maritima e S. ambigua with the creation of the L. vannamei shrimp promoted the removal of nitrogen nutrients, orthophosphate and total suspended solids in the presence of plants. In the aquaponics systems the species B. maritima obtained biomass gain of 876.6 grams in 0.5 m2, and the S. ambigua species gained 48.8 grams in 0.16 m2. The S. virginicus species did not survive in any of the culture systems tested. The zootechnical performance of the shrimps did not present significant differences between the treatments with plants and control. The results indicate that the aquaponic system integrating the cultivation of the species B. maritima and S. ambigua with the creation of L. vannamei shrimp can be promising.