O uso didático de experimentos de baixo custo nas aulas de química do ensino médio nas extensões escolares do município de Itapipoca-CE – estudo de caso

Abstract

The teaching of natural sciences (Biology, Physics and Chemistry) has long been the subject of discussion in scientific works and events promoted by scholars of the subject. There is a consensus that it is not an easy activity and that it needs efficient tools to promote an education that is attractive to an increasingly discouraged public. One of the tools to encourage learning in chemistry is the use of experimental activities. Despite the investments made in Brazilian education, some schools do not yet have science labs available. However, for these schools that still face this problem, teachers can introduce experimental activities using alternative materials into their classes. This work is an exploratory research that had as objective to work Chemistry contents in 2nd grade classes of high school through experiments, using materials of easy access in a school extension (annex) in the municipality of Itapipoca - CE. The work consisted in the application of three experiments on Thermoquímica, Kinetics and Chemical Equilibrium, contents programmed in the didactic book of the student. The evaluation was done through two questionnaires, one before and the other after the experiments. From the results obtained in the questionnaires applied to the students the experimental activities were evaluated as an efficient pedagogical strategy to be carried out in the Chemistry classes. At the end of this work, a didactic material in the form of an apostille containing ten (10) Chemistry experiments addressing subjects of Physical Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry was used as an educational product, using alternative reagents, so that it could serve as a pedagogical support to the Chemistry teachers who work in school extensions. This research allowed the students of the researched school to participate in experimental activities, where it was possible to stimulate curiosity by awakening their reflective capacity. Many of these students were participating in an experimental activity for the first time, this was a motivating factor to increase participation and therefore improve the learning of the content addressed in the class.