Rejeitos de pescados: análise laboratorial, engenharia de processos, automação e validação do potencial sócio-econômico

Abstract

The need for new renewable sources of energy is something that is much studied nowadays. In several countries the search for new sources of raw materials for biodiesel production is being evaluated and used. Among these sources is the use of animal fats waste. In this context, the use of fish waste is being evaluated and applied as an intensive source in biodiesel production. However, the development of technologies that can make the extraction of these fats viable is still a determining factor in the full use of these wastes. This study presents the evaluation of the use of the Nile Tilapia viscera, cultivated in captivity, in the production of oil and its use in the biodiesel production chain. In parallel, the development of a machine for the extraction of oil and separation of the sludge was carried out. The developed system presented a productivity of 420 kg of viscera which, in order to generate the test, required 4,200 kg of fish. To evaluate the implementation of the unit in the state of Ceará, it was verified that only six beneficiation units can supply the production of waste. The results showed that the percentage of oil obtained was about 40-50% of viscera. The tests performed according to A.O.C.S. (American Oil Chemical Society) methodology showed that the obtained oils have, among others, acid values of 0.145 (mg KOH/g). The biodiesel produced presented analytical parameters within the current norms of production. The obtained acidity was about 0.217 (mg KOH/g). The developed system, after cost analysis, presented a NPV of 302,202.46 and 45% IRR. For the deployment investment, the payback period was 1.5 years. In terms of sensitivity, the variance in obtaining viscera, 90% above the reference value (R$ 0.15), in the source of raw material, will cause a negative value of R $ 33,731.30 in NPV. Thus, the verification of this new source of biomass for energy generation becomes viable with the development of this new technology that can add value to the tailings and reduce the environmental impacts caused by fish farming.