Clima e ambiente construído: o caso dos conjuntos habitacionais de Fortaleza/CE

Abstract

The research sought to identify thermo-hygrometric behavior and thermal comfort in environments built in the city of Fortaleza / CE, taking as an example the housing developments Prefeito José Walter and Ceará, built in the 1970s. These neighborhoods have a significant absolute population, high number of households and expressive urban dynamics, when compared to other housing developments in Fortaleza. The survey of the urban microclimates and the thermal comfort in these areas favors the deepening of the studies of urban climate and contributes to the urban and environmental planning of the city. As a working hypothesis, it was considered that the built environment changes the thermo-hygrometric behavior in the inter- and intra-urban reality, promoting thermal discomfort in external and internal environments of the housing complexes. Taking as main theoretical and methodological reference the Urban Climate System (S.C.U.) de Monteiro (1976, 2003), four external points and four internal points (residences) were chosen in each Set; and different from one another in terms of geoecological and constructive conditions, for profiles related to temperature and relative humidity schedules, in contrasting seasonal periods. The thermal comfort was analyzed from questionnaires with the residents and also through the indexes: Thom's Discomfort Index (DI) (1959), in the assessment scales of Malhotra (1955), Giles et al (1990) and Petals (2015) ); Anderson's Human Comfort Index (ICH) (1965); and the Petal Comfort Temperature (2015). The qualified information and its respective analyzes validate the hypothesis of study, since the sampling points were predominantly as uncomfortable due to the heat in the two analyzed periods. The external environments were more uncomfortable to the heat in the dry period, while the internal ones were more uncomfortable in the rainy period. The absence of vegetation and the constructive pattern adopted in the construction of the Housing Units directly influenced the verified thermal discomfort.