Análise microbiológica de extensores de aerossol, após uso por crianças com alterações respiratórias e as características clínicas dessas alterações

Abstract

Respiratory diseases represent a major public health issue because it is the second leading cause of morbidity. Linked to aggravating factors such as exposure to particulate matter, chemicals and infectious organisms in ambient air, usually present in socioeconomically lower regions, respiratory tract infections require their own interventions. In the pediatric population these infections become more relevant due to the anatomical and physiological features present in this group, which may interfere in the children's quality of life in the long term. Aerosol therapy is a therapy performed for the treatment of respiratory disorders, prescribed by the physician and installed by the nursing professional, which is easily applicable and presents effective results in the majority of cases of children with dyspnea. The aim of this research is to analyze the presence of microorganisms in aerosol extensors after reprocessing and use by children with respiratory disorders. This is an exploratory, descriptive, quasi-experimental and quantitative approach, developed in a pediatric hospital of the municipal network of Fortaleza-Ceará. The sample consisted of 50 aerosol extenders. The data collection was divided into three stages: 1) consultation of medical records; 2) collection of material from previously disinfected extensors and after use by the patients, both were performed with the injection of sterile saline solution inside the stent and aspirated sterile; 3rd) preparation and microbiological analysis of the collected material, whose preparation took place by centrifugation, inoculation in blood agar plates and incubation at 37ºC for 24 hours. In the analysis, the developed colonies were counted, characterized macroscopically and microscopically (Gram staining) and biochemical tests. As a result of the characterization of the patients, the male gender (65.3%), in the infant age group (44.9%), with a diagnostic hypothesis of pneumonia (40.8%) were predominant, using aerosol with fenoterol hydrobromide ( 55.1%), and intravenous ceftriaxone (59.3%). There were extensors used only by one child (28%), two (48%) and three children (24%). There were 110 macroscopically different bacterial colonies, of which 39 were before the use of the extensors and 71 after use. Most were cocci (63.6%), gram positive (73.7%), catalase positive (100%), coagulase negative (75.3%). It was concluded that there were previously contaminated extensors and after use the contamination index increased. In this way, reprocessing of extensors was found to be flawed, requiring a review of the process and implementation of manuals and training courses in order to qualify the professionals who carry out this process, offering a safe and quality assistance to children in the hospital environment.