Formação moral: uma reflexão sobre o processo pedagógico na filosofia kantiana

Abstract

The education is something essential at life of human being, and from this perspective we understand its value, since we identify that it is through it that we can achieve a state of higher nature, in other words, a moral state. This thought gains prominence in the ethics of the philosopher Immanuel Kant (1724-1804), who privileged his studies about reason and how through it man can come to know, therefore he develops a theory of knowledge, from which the reason becomes effective in the subject as a form of knowledge through sensibility and understanding, where this rational knowledge, in turn, is worked on in man by education, in which he will promote the use of reason as the foundation of moral action. Thus, this research aims to demonstrate the relationship between education and moral formation in the light of Immanuel Kant's thinking, elucidating the path that the philosopher proposes through his pedagogy for the man’s moral formation. Which addresses from the presuppositions of morality to the effectiveness of it. As main methodological source will be done the inquiry of the work About the Pedagogy, also considering, the inclusion of other relevant texts of the author in the present research. Kant, bothered with some fundamentals of his time, criticized the society and education inserted in it, warning that it should lead the man to his autonomy, his freedom, in other words, should lead man to act according to his maxims for good, developing him as a rational being, not just considering him as being passive of an imposed society. Certainly, through this research, we identify the relevance of the educational process, therefore, it is incumbent not only to broaden the forms of knowledge, as well as the responsibility of forming autonomous, enlightened and moral citizens. Thus, the theory of education proposed by Kant sees education as a favorable means for effecting morality in the individual.