Avaliação do estresse percebido em gestantes de alto risco

Abstract

Despite the fact that pregnacy is a physiological process and that it's evolution, most of the time, goes about without any setbacks, it is a period of great changes and adaptations to a woman, which can, in turn, generate high levels of stress, especially when the pregnancy is considered to be high risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate the perceived stress levels in women with high risk pregnancies and to verify the association between the social-demographical, clinical-obstetrical and perceived stress variables. This was a study of quantitative and transversal type that occurred between August and November 2017 with 110 women being cared for in the Maternidade Escola Assis Chateaubriand (MEAC), located in Fortaleza - CE. An individual interview was carried out with these women where they read and signed the TCLE and answered a questionnaire containing social-demographical, clincal-obstetrical and life habit questions. Finally, the Brazilian version of the Perceived Stress Scale was applied, a Likert type scale with ten questions. Frequecies, averages, descriptive analysis of these averages were carried out and for the analysis of the score avarage of the scale, the ANOVA test was used. The social-demographical profile encountered was that of women between 25 and 34 years of age (51.6 %), self identified as brown (67.3%), with 10 to 12 years of formal studies (67.3 %), born in Fortaleza itself (69.1 %), in a stable union (49.1 %), sharing a home with 3 to 6 people (66.3 %). The total family revenue was that of 1 to 2 minimum wages (48.1 %) and most of the women had no form payed activity (54.5 %). Concerning their life habits, most of them did not smoke or drink alcohol (95.5 %). More than half declared to have an adequate IMC (56.4 %), however, 97 of them (88.2 %) practiced no form of physical activity. As for the clinical-obstetrical data, ASP of up to 139 mmHg was observed in 102 women (92.7 %), as well as an ADP of up to 89 mmHg was prevalent in 94 of them (85.5 %). Most of the pacients already had two pregnancies (69.1%), 36 of them (32.7 %) had had only one child and 22 (20 %) said they had already had a previous abortion. Women who were carrying only one child represented 72.7 % of all women interviewed and 51.8 % of them were in their third trimester of pregnancy. Of the 53 women that already had children (48.2 %), 35 (31.8 %) only had 1 child beteen the ages of 4 and 10 years (24.5 %). The pregnancy type had a statistically significant "p" of 0.032, where women who were pregnant of triplets scored the highest averages of the scale. We conclude, therefore, that it is of utmost importance to be mindful of the psychological and emotional conditions of pregnant women in order to avoid conditions that might endanger the health of mother and child and conduct the prenatal in the best manner possible.