Avaliação do conforto em pacientes renais crônicos em hemodiálise

Abstract

Chronic Kidney Disease is characterized as an irreversible syndrome, which causes slow and progressive loss of renal function. The damages caused by this disease are accompanied by health implications, resulting in compromise of the quality of life and discomfort, since chronic renal patients need some kind of Substutive Renal Therapy, such as hemodialysis the one of the most used therapies. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the comfort level of the chronic renal patient on hemodialysis. This was a cross-sectional study, with a quantitative approach, realized between August of 217 and March of 2018 in a hemodialysis clinic located in the metropolitan region of Fortaleza. A sociodemographic questionnaire and the Brazilian version of the General Comfort Questionnaire were used. The sample consisted of 180 chronic kidney patients on hemodialysis, the data were organized and tabulated in Microsoft Office Excel version 2010, then described and analyzed through of the program Statistical Pakcage for the Social Sciences version 22. We used the Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis test and the Spearman correlation significance test for crossing the data. The results indicated that the variables, sex, marital status, schooling, pain, anxiety, pruritus, constipation and type of access presented statistical significance when correlated to general comfort. Male patients, married / stable union and thirteen years or more of studies had a higher average comfort. All domains evaluated by the General Comfort Questionnaire when correlated with some variables, presented statistical significance. It was observed that patient comfort is particularly impaired in the sociocultural context, reaffirming harmful aspects of chronic kidney disease and hemodialysis in interpersonal, family and social relations. Although it was the most affected, it presented moderate impairment (47.3%). The psychospiritual domain was the one that presented better comfort (63.89%) due to the patient's support for religious beliefs. The other domains showed moderate impairment, since the mean score was greater than 50% and less than 60%. Therefore, the questionnaire used in this research allowed identifying patients' needs in the four comfort contexts, so that nurses can be guided in the systematization of care in hemodialysis units, in order to improve the comfort of these patients.