Avaliação de fatores associados à perda auditiva de recém-nascidos pré-termo

Abstract

The risks can be described as problems during pregnancy and labor, and by the pathologies during hospital time. Nowadays a team of several professionals, among them, the fonoaudiologist, take care of these newborn babies, having as an objective improve the health conditions of these babies, trying to low mortality rates and late morbidity.(MODES;ALMEIDA, 2005). This way, this research had as an objective to evaluate the factors associated to hearing loss in premature babies treated with amikacin using results obtained through electrophysiological examination. The research was a quantitative , descriptive, prospective and longitudinal cohort study that was performed with 299 premature newborn babies. In the study, 254 babies were treated with ototoxic and 45 were not. The risk factors found in the newborn babies were: Ototoxic, Mechanical Ventilation, Hyperbilirubinaemia, PIG, PN<1500g , Family history for hearing disturb, ICU, Incubator time, Anoxia and Malformation. The detection of hearing disturb in the techniques used, shows that the PEATE-A is more specific to detect hearing disturb than EOAT. The association among each risk factor and the ocurrence of hearing disturb when EOAT was used was significant for IUC, Incubator, Weight, PIG, Anoxia, Hyperbilirubinaemia and Mechanical Ventilation. Regarding the disturbs analyzed by PEATE-A, Anoxia was significantly associated , showing that the presence of anoxia increases the chance of hearing disturb in about 10 times. The variable Ototoxic was not significantly associated to hearing alteration, neither individually or in group, showing that it is not possible to affirm that ototoxic has effect in hearing alteration when evaluated by PEATE-A. Analyzing the data obtained we can conclude that anoxia was the single significantly risk factor to the newborn premature babies when evaluated by Transient Otoacoustic Emissions (TOAE) and Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potential (BAEP).