Capacidade adaptativa: um estudo sobre as comunidades rurais localizadas em áreas suscetíveis à desertificação no semiárido da Paraíba

Abstract

The search for quality of life, rooted in the skills and capabilities of individuals is a strategic tool to promote local development, are of fundamental importance in regions which are facing serious socio-economic and environmental problems such as drought. Is a recurring phenomenon, far-reaching in the region in the state of Paraiba, it becomes a challenge both political and academic finding solutions to mitigate the damage and increase the ability to leverage the opportunities that arise, revealing the need to understand how social subjects exposed to this phenomenon are adapted to live as best as possible within the constraints in terms of available resources. In this sense, the objective of this work is to verify that the rural population of the areas susceptible to desertification adopts adaptive measures of living with climate and combating desertification changes. Adaptive capacity is the potential ability of a given system to reorganize in the face of variations and changes, and be in the best condition possible within the constraints of available resources. The measurement of adaptive capacity was carried out from the calculation of the index of adaptive capacity (ICA), resulting from the aggregation of four capital indicators considered (Social, Human, Natural and Economic). the raw data obtained from the rural communities within the Areas Susceptible to Desertification through interviews with community leaders were used. The survey results revealed that both the total area as the five SDA's studied for a very low level of resources required to build adaptive capacity, ie, the entire region is likely to face serious problems because they are not ready for climate variations and They have no ability to live with drought and desertification face that has only increased in semiarid Paraiba. Thus, it is concluded that drought and desertification are phenomena that bring out the level of lack and deficiency of social capital, economic, human and natural, and hence the adaptive capacity that communities have to respond positively to climate change. In this sense, it is necessary to propose policies that promote well-being from the external instrumentality required to generate the independence of the local population, causing them to become protagonists of their reality and producing the expansion of the ability to adapt to climate conditions extreme.