Síntese e caracterização físico-química de blendas de biodiesel de soja e girassol

Abstract

Much of the energy consumed in the world comes from non-renewable sources like oil, coal and natural gas. Increasing population growth, energy demand and environmental pollution caused in recent years, the search for alternative sources of energy and cost efficient solutions, having arisen in this context, biodiesel; which is a biodegradable fuel consisting of esters of fatty acids deriving from transesterification of vegetable oils and / or fats, as agent transesterificante using a short chain alcohol, in the presence of a catalyst. In this work, biodiesel samples were obtained by the transesterification reaction of soybean oil and sunflower oil, methanol and KOH (catalyst). Both reactions showed a yield of around 93%. From the obtained mixtures were produced biodiesels (blends) in the following proportions 25/75, 50/50 and 75/25 (% V / V) and biodiesel sunflower biodiesel and soybean biodiesel (BG / BS). The raw materials were submitted to analysis of Acid Number (IA), Density at 20 ° C Kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C, humidity content and Oxidative Stability, according to standardized methodologies. The analysis confirmed that the method of Methyl transesterification with basic catalysis, exhibited good results with respect to conversion of fatty acid methyl esters. As quality specification we used the acceptable limits in Resolution No. 45 of the National Agency of Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels, of August 25, 2014 - DOU 08/26/2014. According to the results, the blend that achieved the best results was the BS1 containing 75% soybean biodiesel and 25% biodiesel sunflower