Efeito do treinamento em circuito no perfil lipídico e na composição corporal das pessoas vivendo com HIV em uso de antirretrovirais

Abstract

HIV infection is a worldwide public health problem and is often treated with HAART (Combined Antiretroviral Therapy) and is associated with several adverse effects including cardiorespiratory events, diabetes, dyslipidemia, osteoporosis, and abnormalities in body composition. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of physical training on circuits in the lipid profile and in the body composition of people living with HIV using ART. This is a prospective study with HIV infected persons attended at the outpatient clinic of infectious diseases in the metropolitan region of Fortaleza, Ceará, Northeast of Brazil. Participants with mean age 36.8 years, on antiretroviral use for at least 24 months were included. Participants with opportunistic AIDS defining illnesses were excluded from the study. They were randomized to an exercise group (GIE) or to a control group without exercise (CG), for the purpose of a comparative analysis. GIE patients participated in a circuit training program over eight weeks. It consisted of training sessions three times a week lasting 50 to 60 minutes. The training classes were divided into heating (5 to 10 minutes), main training (35 to 45 minutes) and relaxation (5 minutes). The main training consisted of the circuit training method, in which up to three laps were performed, each with six exercises in sequence. Anthropometry and laboratory tests were performed before and after the eight week period. In all, 63 patients were randomized to GIE (n = 36) and CG (n = 27), but three patients were lost in the segment during the eight weeks. Male predominance was observed in GIE (78.1%). Most patients had low income and completed high school. The initial anthropometric and laboratory data from the control and intervention groups were similar, except for the BMI levels, which were significantly lower in the GIE (p <0.05). After the intervention there were significant differences in other parameters between the two groups, including body fat, waist circumference, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, urea, glucose and hemoglobin. The comparison of these parameters before and after the intervention showed slight differences in the control group and significant differences in the intervention group, with improvement in almost all parameters, including renal function (creatinine: 0.98 ± 0.1 vs. 0.85 ± 0.1 mg / dL, before and after, respectively), lipid profile and body composition. This is the first study to investigate the effects of combined circuit training in HIV-infected patients in our region. We have shown that physical exercise brings an important improvement for these patients, including better body composition and laboratory profile. There was a significant improvement in lipid levels, glucose, urea, creatinine, evidencing a positive metabolic effect of physical exercise.