Potencial atividade antibiofilme de extratos de macroalgas marinhas contra bactérias em ambientes na indústria de pescado

Abstract

The presence of pathogenic microorganisms in food offers risks to consumer´s health and can cause specific diseases and even epidemics. These foodborne diseases can be avoided through the adoption of hygiene procedures by industry such as good manufacturing practices. Inside the structure of the fish processing industry, bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas represent a major problem due to the high capacity of biofilm formation. The production of this extracellular matrix is a strategy of protection and survival developed by the bacteria that makes them resistant to a range of conditions and substances including commercial sanitizers, which are products synthesized from petroleum derivatives. Searching for alternatives to the commercial sanitizers that can guarantee the safety of the food, the objective of this research was to detect the antibiofilm action of algae extracts on strains of the genus Pseudomonas isolated in equipment and utensils in the fish processing industry. The algae were collected in natural banks on the coast of Ceará and the extracts prepared using organic solvents and water. The aqueous, acetonic and methanolic extracts of the Brown seaweed Dictyota menstrualis, red Hypnea pseudomusciformis and the green algae Ulva fasciata were tested. The extracts were evaluated for antibiofilm activity, antimicrobial activities and cell binders by bioguided tests using as indicators standard bacteria (ATCC) and the species of the genus Pseudomonas isolated in the fish industry. Bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas were isolated from fish contact structures within the processing industry. The algae extracts tested were able to prevent biofilm adhesion in stainless steel structures. Acetonic extracts of H. pseudomusciformis and U. fasciata presented antibiofilm action for all strains tested. Aqueous extracts of H. pseudomusciformis and D. menstrualis, and the methanolic extract of the algae U. fasciata inhibited the formation of bacterial biofilm formed by all strains tested. The algal extracts showed no antibacterial action against the tested strains. Agglutinant activity was detected in the aqueous, acetonic and methanolic extracts of H. pseudomusciformis and D. menstrualis.