Reflexões sobre a indisciplina na escola a partir de elementos da teoria foucaultiana.

Abstract

This paper discusses indiscipline in school institutions based on Michel Foucault's perspective on discipline. For this, we conducted a research that gathered some of the main elements of the Foucaultian theory to understand the proposed theme, such as: the concept of power, specifically the disciplinary power; control devices; and the author's analysis of Benthan's panopticon; described mainly in his work Vigiar and Punir (2013). The research, of a theoretical-bibliographic nature, explores how the discipline came to be configured historically as a control device, not only in schools but throughout society, becoming the school one of the main disciplinary institutions of the Modern era. This paper also proposes an analysis of how the school has dealt with issues related to discipline / indiscipline, as well as whether there are alternatives to deal with this issue that are not solely authoritarian, with a view to the docilization of bodies. The theoretical references used for the foundation of the work were centered mainly on the work of: Foucault (2013), "Vigiar e punir"; and commentators on the subject in Brazil, such as Aquino (2003, 1996) in the books "The counterpoint of democratic schools" and "Indiscipline in school: theoretical and practical alternatives" as well as several other books and articles. It was concluded that the school still protects some control devices in its structural, pedagogical and political organization. However, it can / should build, through joint efforts of teachers and students, an environment that provides opportunities for more effective student participation in their organization. In addition, the school must cultivate and maintain a participatory pedagogical climate that allows the inhibition of forms of indiscipline and the construction of a positively affectionate and belonging environment for the whole school community.