Análise dos impactos socioambientais de parques eólicos e a percepção da comunidade em diferentes unidades geoambientais

Abstract

In the current scenario, Brazil has been standing out the production of wind energy, although still predominates the use of hydroelectric power plants, the energy through the wind is growing significantly. The Northeast of the country is a region that has the greatest amount of wind farms installed, and that is because of the favorable conditions to this venture. Due to the wind power generation to be considered a renewable and clean energy, the installation of these wind power plants becomes this alternative increasingly more advantageous. Nonetheless, the impacts generated for those wind power plants cause changes in the physical, biological and social environment, which are disregarded several times. However, the scientific knowledge about the perception of environmental impacts by communities is scarce, mainly with the methodological approach that compares different geoenvironmental units. The research tried to analyze the socio-environmental impacts of wind farms in different geoenvironmental units, coastal plain, sublittoral tablelands, and the Ibiapaba plateau, as well as the environmental perception of the community close to the wind turbines. To the theoretical-methodological determination was considered the reports of the National Electric Energy Agency (ANEEL), Environmental Impact Study (EIA) and its respective Environmental Impact Report (RIMA) and the characterization of the geoenvironmental units by Souza (2000). The comparative and critical analysis carried out in the research allowed the identification of socioenvironmental potentials generated by the wind farm in each study environment, as well as how geoenvironmental unity is more favorable to the installation of the enterprise. In addition, an environmental perception of each community in its particular regions was achieved. With this study, it was noticed that the environment with better capacity to receive the enterprise would be the sublittoral tableland; and it was found that the majority of the residents were not clear about a wind farm installation in their communities and that they expected more opportunities for work and development in that place, thereby it was obtained a high degree of dissatisfaction.