Desigualdade, diversidade sociocultural e ações afirmativas: reflexão com base nas teorias marxianas sobre emancipação

Abstract

The proposal is to reflect on inequality, socio-cultural diversity and affirmative actions, with emphasis on the construction of this debate in relation to the themes of political emancipation and human emancipation. The discussion about affirmative actions has been gaining prominence in the last decades in the field of Education, mainly because of the defense and adoption of quota systems for admitting students from public, indigenous, black and low-income schools into Brazilian universities. The reflection on this subject involves distinctive analyzes, many of them divergent about conceptions and sociological categories that cross the arena of public social policies. On this fertile field, through this article some notes are worked on in the sphere of marxism, by starting from the category work until the emergence of other social complexes, such as inequality, sociocultural diversity and citizenship, guidelines in the defense of affirmative actions per different social groups and politicians. In addition, reflections are woven on human alienation and the need to overcome capital. The research is, focusing on its objectives, exploratory in nature and, by its procedures, was based on a bibliographical and documentary revision, which occurred mainly in theoretical references of marxian contribution and through the evaluation of statistical data on social inequalities. From these theoretical-methodological aspects, it was concluded that affirmative actions are urgent as answers to the expressions of the social question, although restricted to the political emancipation. It is argued that this claim in the field of citizenship must be aligned with the defense of the full emancipation of men and women.