A construção de uma identidade nacional a partir da metadiscursividade em sambas de 1929 a 1945

Abstract

In this study, we aim to analyze how the metadiscursive maker is configured in facing the constitution of a national identity in sambas composed between 1929 and 1945. The choice of the corpus is justified by the expressive use of the metadiscursive resource by the discursive subjects in the analyzed sambas, and also because during this period there was an expressive mobilization to build an essentially Brazilian nation. This research follows the perspectives of the French Discourse Analysis, particularly of Dominique Maingueneau’s theories. Basing on Bezerra (2005), Carlos (2007), Conforte (2007) and Costa’s (2009) studies. From them we could propose the articulation between the discursive investments developed by Maingueneau (1997; 2001; 2002; 2008a; 2008b) – scenography, discursive genre, language code and ethos –, and the various autorreferential forms used by the enunciator to comment the language. Thus we think of the metadiscursivity manifestation in four different ways: I – the enunciator represents the scenography in the discourse he takes part in (scenographic metadiscursivity); II – the discursive genre or its subgenre(s) are the focus of an autorreferential movement (generic metadiscursivity); III – the enunciator uses the language code to reflect on the language code (linguistic metadiscursivity); IV – the enunciator articulates an automention action with the explicitness of how to enunciate, presenting, hence, comments about the character, the corporality or the voice, which constitute the discursive instance called ethos (ethical metadiscursivity). After the analysis, we conclude than the scenographic metadiscursivity possibilitated the formation of pretence Brazilian symbols; the generic metadiscursivity favored the fixation of musical generic samba; the ethical metadiscursivity served the affirmation of a determinate Brazilian how to enunciate; and, at last, the linguistic metadiscursivity proportion the attribution of a spoken language nation character in Brazil. With them the samba enunciator we analyze use metadiscursive resources to be constituted, building a national identity which is directly or indirectly related to the literomusical universe.