Inclusão, o olhar que ensina: o movimento da mudança e a transformação das práticas pegagógicas no contexto de uma pesquisa-ação

Abstract

This research has the purpose of investigating the aspects involved in the acquiring and development of pedagogical practices that should fulfill the needs of the diversity of all students, favoring a inclusion into the commom teaching system, noticeably, for those with some kind of impairement. The concept-theoretical frame of this study contemplated four referential pillars, clustured in the discussions about inclusion (AINCOW; BOOTH, 2000; MANTOAN, 2002; FIGUEIREDO, 2008; MITTLER, 2003. POULIN, 2006); A Pedagogical Practice - (ZABALLA, 1995; MERRIEU, 2006) teachers formation and profisionalization (SCHÖN, TARDIF, NÓVOA, PERRENOUD), The Changing Theory (CROZIER; FRIEDBERG, 1997; GIL, 2001; FARIAS, 2006, FULLAN, 2009). The mehtodology used was a action-research of the colaborative type, characterized by co-construction between the researcher and eight teachers from an elementary school at a municipal public school in Fortaleza. The study carried out, in the period between August 2005 and February 2008, set systematical actions in the teachers’ formation and the socio-constructivist pedagogical practices, based on the perspective of a action-thinking-action. The results of this study have hightlighted that investiments in the reorganization of the schooling space, in the pedagogical support - the teachers, in the attention actions – the children and their specificities, have turned into better caring and serving to all students. Thus, the school, locus to the realization fo this research, started to organize itself in their pedagogical actions to serve the diversity of their students. The investigation revealed mainly, that a differentiated teaching, that is , the development of strategies in the teching differentiation is feasible and it is a resource that allows a better understanding of the needs and specificities of rhythms, learning styles and the different conceptual levels of students. Regarding the pedagogical practices, the main changes set by the teachers, at the intervention carried out, were in the form of class organization and management, proposing even greater different and diverse activities, in the adoption of project pedagogies and in the setting of principles of cooperative learning. Thus, we point out that cooperation between pairs have proved important at the work targetting students with impairement or with visible learning difficulties, by being a way to support the needs of such students. The add up to the pedagogical practices of the teachers afore mentioned have produced more meaningful and creative classes and a greater autonomy as well as interaction among the children. We state that the experience of this research (re)assures that the paradygm of inclusive education is possible to achieve.