Avaliação da evolução do comportamento geomecânico de aterros sanitários com base na realização de ensaios de laboratório e de campo.

Abstract

Waste production is the great characteristic of the present consumer society, for this reason sanitary landfills become fundamental elements for environmentally adequate disposal (Law 12305/10). It’s necessary to design, manage, deactivate, and revitalize them. Originally far from the urban centers, when they are deactivated they become abandoned areas and obstacles to the development of the urban network. This research was carried out aiming to contribute to the evaluation of the investigation of the sanitary landfills geomechanics behavior based on laboratory and field tests. The adopted methodology was to select the site for the execution of the study, to collect deformed samples from the covering soil and the MSW (municipal solid waste), physical characterization of the covering soil and MSW, laboratory and field tests, results presentation, results analysis and thesis writing. The place chosen was the Metropolitan Sanitary Landfill of Caucaia - ASMOC. Two sets of tests were performed, one of laboratory and one of field. The laboratory tests performed were: gravimetric composition and, in the solid portion: granulometry, plasticity index, real density, organic matter content, compaction, California support index, expansion and direct shear test. In the case of the field tests, percussion drilling tests (SPT), direct load tests (PCD) were performed, all in the MSW of the Experimental Cell and in the MSW of the Old Landfill. The GeoGauge tests were also performed at the MSW of Experimental Cell and in the MSW of the Old Landfill, but also in the covering soil. From these tests the modulus elasticity was estimated and compared its estimates. It was predicted the relation of pressure vs. hold pressure of the MSW in the Experimental Cell and in the Old Landfill from a 50 cm diameter plate, considering the same pressure stages applied in plate tests carried out in the mentioned MSW masses. Several conclusions were made: (1) the E estimates leads to parameters associated with different levels of deformation; (2) the GeoGauge proved to be an adequate test for E measures of MSW masses; (3) the most consistent estimates of hold pressure were made by the SPT and GeoGauge and (4) the Old Landfill presented higher rigidity than the Experimental Cell because of the stabilization of materials that previously were malleable.