A professora primária no sertão cearence dos anos 30, do século XX: imagens literárias da escola no romance O Quinze, de Rachel de Queiroz.

Abstract

This work is the result of an analysis of the work, O Quinze, by Ceará writer Rachel de Queiroz, published in the early 1930s, within the scope of the national literature inserted in the cycle of the northeastern regional novel, in which the literary images on the school, as well as the figure of the primary teacher in the northeastern sertão, above all, cearense. The research exposes the social role of female teachers in the cearense’s sertão, the use of their attributions, as their relation with formal knowledge in a social scenario so contradictory. The study is available in the field of history of education in the light of authors highlight the fiction literature as a source for educational research. As a methodology, the analysis of the literary work was used as a source in social research. From the study of the work, we identify portions of the text that represent school experiences or relationships of the characters with the literate world, in the sertanejo scenario. To the extent that such images were being identified in the text, an analytical sequence of citations was made on a sheet on the respective page. In such material, taken as a source, we try to observe passages about the school experience and the teacher's figure in permanent dialogue with the studies that discuss literature as a source, because they stand out as a social chronicle capable of representing a determined historical context, and also the itineraries of elementary education in the national republican project. This research reflects important points in the relationship between women and the Republic of Letters, in a diverse and complex social environment, with social relations deep-rooted in patriarchalism, clientelism and "coronelismo", while at the same time propose the very conception of teaching within the limits of the said space-time and geography of the sertão of Ceará.