Análise da interface público-privada nas regulações urbanas de Fortaleza-CE

Abstract

The present urban landscape of many cities exposes fragmented territories socially and spatially. In this context, public spaces demonstrate that they lose their role as the basis for meeting and dialogue between people; while private spaces appear as increasingly valued environments, especially aesthetically and symbolically. Thus, it is on the membrane that divides both defining spaces of the urban fabric – public and private – that are more clearly exemplified the socio-spatial transformations associated with contemporaneity. For this reason, this transition zone was called public-private interface, an environment conformed by elements of private order – lots and their buildings – and of public order – the sidewalks. This composition is justified both by existing assumptions in the literature and by empirical work that correlates the morphology of the interface with the concepts of urbanity, vitality and urban sociability. Based on this, this study proposes an analysis of the public-private interface from the guidelines and parameters of the municipal urban regulations, with the objective of ascertaining how the state – the main agent of urban dynamics capable of interfering in the construction of the public and private environment – has been acting in the conformation of this transition space, and, thus, to investigate whether the promotion of socialization through greater urban vitality has been effectively sought. In order to do so, we investigated the land use and land use management practices of Fortaleza-CE, present in the Codes of Works and Postures, in the Land Use and Occupancy Law and in the Participative Master Plan in force, with the development of an empirical research that had as a case study the neighborhood Meireles. What has been verified is that the content of municipal legislations has been gradually limited regarding the interaction relations between the buildings and the adjacent public space until reaching the conformation of the current regulatory scenario, in which the morphology of the interface and its importance in the vitality and urban dynamics are being overlooked. This situation is consolidated by the use of urban planning parameters that mainly work within the urban lot and in favor of the quality of the private environment, disregarding the formal results of the buildings and their relationship with the public space. Thus, this study demonstrates that the regulation of urban space – implemented over time by the state in the form of municipal administration – points to a weakening of its peculiar ability to regulate the private environment in favor of public welfare and urban quality.