Prevalência e fatores associados ao baixo peso, muito baixo peso ao nascer e à prematuridade no estado do Ceará

Abstract

Low birth weight (LBW) and prematurity are two of the major classifiers of the neonate as newborns at risk, and may lead to a problem without child development and survival commissions in adult life. According to the World Health Organization, these classifiers have increased significantly in recent years, especially in more developed regions. The present study aims to measure the prevalence and to identify the factors associated with LBW, very low birth weight (LBWB) and prematurity in children up to 3 years of age in the state of Ceará. Methods: a cross-sectional, population-based study using the 2007 Maternal and Child Health Research in Ceará (PESMIC) data. A reference population for children 0-35 months of age. The sample size was 1,494 children, and the sampling process, in a stratified, systematic and clustered manner. Variables related to socioeconomic, maternal and child characteristics were collected through the questionnaire. As dependent variables "gestational age" and "birth weight" were categorized. An analysis of the determinants occurred through the construction of a theoretical model hierarchical, by the SPSS, with 5% of significance. Results: as prevalences of LBW, LBWB and prematurity, 6.2%, 2.3% and 8.7%, respectively. Participate in the Bolsa Família program (OR = 2.0, 95% CI 1.0-4.1, p = 0.042), have a health plan (OR = 2.3, 95% CI 1.0 - 5.4, p = 0.041) and cesarean section (OR = 6.2, 95% CI 1.7 - 22.2, p = 0.002) presented association with MBPV; (OR = 1.6, 95% CI, 1-2.4, p = 0.041), single mother (OR = 1.7, 95% CI 1.1-2.8, p = 0.021) (OR = 1.8, 95% CI 1-3.3, p = 0.05) and maternal hypertension (OR = 2.1, 95% CI 1.3-3.4, p = 0.003) They were associated with LBW; Residing in an urban area, not participating in the Bolsa Família program, having a health plan, maternal hypertension and cesarean delivery were associated with prematurity. Conclusions: Low socioeconomic and nutritional conditions of women and a strong association of cesarean delivery with BPN / MBPN and prematurity are conditions that reflect the reality of the semi-arid region of the Brazilian Northeast; Public health measures and actions are necessary in order to reduce the risks to the health of the mother / child binomial.