Polos de produção de biodiesel e a integração empresa-agricultor camponês: o modelo de desenvolvimento territorial rural do PNPB

Abstract

The energy insecurity stemming from the inflection of the 1 trillion and 260 billion barrels of oil world stock over the next 50 years and the environmental issue of fossil fuel consumption has led countries and corporations to invest in businesses related to biomass energy exploration, For the production of agrofuels: ethanol and agrodiesel. They are part of the movement to diversify the world energy matrix and consolidate the energy biotrade. As a result, financial capital has redefined the international division of labor, based on the new pattern of primary-export specialization, deepening the "foreignization" of land for the appropriation of agroenergy resources, via "flexible crops" and "commoditization" of nature . Peripheral economies have, if adjusted to this context, commercialize their arable land and enable the exploitation of agrofuels by national and foreign capital, with the creation of governmental mandates and institutional markets. In Brazil, the expansion of the agribusiness of energy over the peasant territories has been a strategy for the social inclusion of peasant agriculture, Rural Territorial Development (RDT) and reduction of regional inequalities. The National Program for the Production and Use of Biodiesel (PNPB), implemented in 2004, is an expression of this reality, similar to the agrodiesel markets of Europe and other countries, differentiating itself as the first national agricultural program to include agriculture Peasant in thesis, as an actor and social goal of inclusion. However, the program has been distorted by its political concept, since in practice it has benefited only the Agroindustrial Soy Complex in the country. With the objective of revealing this reality, the present study analyzed the meaning of social inclusion proposed by the DTR model, based on the Poles of Agrodiesel Production and the agroindustrial integration of the peasant to Petrobrás Bicombustíveis (PBio) in the territories of the Inhamuns and the Central Hinterland In the semi-arid region of Ceará. Fieldwork among the public actors, peasants, coordinators and technicians of EMATERCE and PBio in the northeastern semi-arid region of the Quixadá, Quixeramobim, Santa Quitéria, Monsenhor Tabosa and Itatira districts showed that PNPB has not reached its Social ends and is constituted in a productive subordination half and the institutionalized subjection of the peasantry income of the land to the capital.