Uso da terra e a degradação ambiental no município de Santa Quitéria, Ceará

Abstract

This paper aims to identify if pressure from the use and economic exploitation of natural resources has contributed to caatinga biome degradation in the municipality of Santa QuitériaCE. The methodology was used of history analyzing of land use, with data from the historical series (1984-2014) of: Municipal Agricultural Production, Plant Extraction and Silviculture and Livestock, as well as data on Land Structure and Settlements and Mineral Exploration. We used visual interpretation of images from the CEBERS 4 satellite, level contours, Drones photographs and Geographic Information System (GIS), also field research to subsidize the mapping execution. In order to obtain the Vegetation coverage and land use map, was used semi-supervised classification performed ArcMap 10.1 software with 7 mapping classes. The mapping classes were: Extensive Livestock farming / Caatinga tightly degraded (Elf); Caatinga partially degraded associated from livestock and forestry (Cpdlf); Caatinga slightly degraded associated from livestock and forestry (Csdlf); Caatinga partially conserved on fallow period (Cpcfp); Riparian Vegetation tightly degraded associated from Agriculture and livestock.(Rvdl); Riparian Vegetation partially conserved associated from Agriculture (Rvpca) and Mining area(granite) (Min). The geomorphology associated with land use was also mapped. The results obtained showed that 71.46% of the municipality area presents some level of degradation. It was observed that in areas with greater slope (residual masses), they have a lower degree of degradation . Therefore, it can be concluded that the type of land use has contributed to the degradation of natural resources.