Oferta de trabalho dos taxistas e efeito UBER: uma análise para as regiões metropolitanas de Porto Alegre e Fortaleza

Abstract

The taxi is a means of transport widely used in several countries of the world. An expressive amount of people work by driving taxis in large urban centers. The main competitors of taxi drivers are private cars and mass transportation, but with the rise of technology, and the advent of some commercial innovations have emerged companies that enjoy the context of the Sharing Economy offering services of shared carpool, such as case of Uber. There is discussion as to whether the Uber application really works like shared racing, paid rides or if the service is identical to that offered by conventional taxis. For this reason the application has been strongly rejected by taxi drivers. In this context, this dissertation tries to analyze characteristics of the labor market of taxi drivers and its main objective is to examine the job offer of taxi drivers and to verify if there has been any impact on the quantity of hours worked and on the income of taxi drivers after the start of operations of the Uber application in the Metropolitan Regions of Fortaleza ( MRF) and Porto Alegre (MRPA). For this, two models were estimated, one based on the regressions of mincerian yields and number of hours worked, and a second model using the difference-in-differences method. The data are from the Pesquisa de Emprego e Desemprego (PED) and refer to the years 2014 to 2016. It was found that the estimated coefficient for the Uber Effect did not present statistical significance in any of the metropolitan regions studied, however, this result refers only to the initial effect and may present different results in future analyzes. Other results have shown that black RMPA taxi drivers tend to show more hours of work and lower hourly yields. Taxi drivers who are heads of their families also work longer hours. The higher the family income of these workers, the more hours are worked in the week and the higher the income per hour. In some of the models estimated for the two metropolitan regions there is an education effect.