Interações em um grupo de discussão sobre saúde: estudo sobre o seu caráter mediador na constituição subjetiva dos participantes

Abstract

This research aims to understand the mediating character of the interactions of a health discussion group on the placements of participants against each other and about the discussed issues. That proposal sought reasons in multidisciplinary field of Public Health about health education and discussions on the health / disease process. Moreover, the theoretical tools that supported the analysis were derived from the legacy of Vygotsky and Bakhtin, helping to read the processes of semiotic mediation in those interactions. The understanding of the position statement of the subject was also aided by the prospects Vygotskyan interfaces and Bakhtin's Theory of Positioning developed by Harré and Van Langenhove. Methodologically, this was a qualitative research with a focus on intervention research. Its execution took place from the insertion in a public school at Fortaleza, from August to October 2009, when there were participant observations of the institution and the formation of a health discussion group with eleven participants - ten young students from 15 to 17 years old and a school teacher. The discussion group was held by nine workshops between September and October of that year, on the following topics: what is health, mental health, eating disorders, drugs and sexuality. The corpus analysis took the field diaries, video recording of the workshops and the use of some of those records in the last workshop, to promote the evaluation of group discussion with participants. After the production and transcription of data was performed a microgenetic analysis of interactional episodes taken from the discursive activities that occurred during the workshops. The study included three theoretical categories: "semiotic mediation", “social interaction” and "placements". Three empirical categories were also created: "Everyday Issues and Youth Condition", "Movement and recreation of meanings on the issues discussed," "Negotiations of the placements of participants against each other." The results indicate that the presence of those themes in the quotidian is interwoven with the condition of contemporary youth and the agendas of health practices directed to that audience. Also emphasize that the circulation of meanings that draw on the sings of the “risk” and “prevention” to suggest a model for optimal health and ambiguities about the experience of “being young” during the discussions were indications that the negotiations positions of the participants against each other and the issues materialize tensions between the young voice and the voice of the adults. Moreover, the results indicate evidence of discursive repositioning of young people on the issues and private appropriation of culturally available discourses, suggesting that the use of images from the workshops was a mediator of reflections about the positioning and encouraged the repositioning of the participants among themselves.