Insights marxiano-lacanianos e retheliano-kantianos na leitura das formas do fetichismo da mercadoria, da ideologia e da educação, com base em Slavoj Zizek

Abstract

Focusing on the marxian point of view of Slavoj Zizek, these author emphasizes that there is, in the core of capital circulation, an objectively social fantasy overlapped with the auto-generating reproduction of capital, which conceals workers´ exploitation, and the plus-value extraction. Moreover, according Zizek, for Marx, in his analyses in the Book I of Capital, the fetishist illusion – which is inherent to the commodity form –, isn´t located in the thought (or in mind), but in the practical interrelationship (which is unconscious) amongst human beings. That´s to say that the commodity form gives us an appearance of having ghostly powers, like it had natural social properties, which were an objective determination of the own work´s products while commodities. However, what individuals (persons) doesn´t know is the “fetishist inversion” to it they obeys in their practice and social inter-relationship. On the other hand, Sohn-Rethel is an author who shows that, beyond the hidden secret of work´s value, the analyses of commodity form must also take into account the historic explanation of the abstract conceptual thinking way, combining the structure of the commodity universe with the Kantian transcendental space. In this way, the social effectiveness of exchanging process only captures the individuals, who share in with them, while they aren´t aware of the inherent logic of this process. And this also is the fundamental dimension of ideology, as it doesn´t simply function as a false conscience, since it´s the true social reality which is experienced in an unnoticed distorted way, through ideology. On other side, as regards to education, we can perceive that in capitalist countries, it corresponds to one flagrant attack to public use of reason, since education in that countries is growingly being privatized, so that it´s preferably in tune with the service to the search in obtain increasingly high productivity, competitiveness, efficiency and profitability of capital.