Fantasia e ideologia: o “lixo” que ingerimos diariamente

Abstract

The present paper aims to present the concept of “ideological fantasy” in Slavoj Žižek‟s thinking. Through this concept the Slovenian philosopher shows the inevitability of ideology in our lives, that is, there‟s no way out of the ideological sphere. Any attempt to get rid of ideology is but another ideology. In the philosopher‟s perspective ideology is more than something imposed to us. It is also the fruit of our mediated relations with the world, because it acts according to the logic of “fantasy”. Žižek insists on the ideological dimension of fantasy, as well as on the fanciful dimension of ideology as a way of criticism, for ideology works according to the ways of either covering or inverting reality, as fantasy does. According to Lacan, pillar of Žižek‟s philosophy, fantasy acts as a way to hide consistency faults of symbolic reality. Reality is structured like fiction, because it is built from a limited symbolization, that is, reality is a kind of interpretation of a specific point of the Real. So, the Real breaks through in moments we often consider “fictional or fanciful”. Žižek claims that it is necessary to direct effective reality criticism to the power of fantasy because, as Lacan affirms, only through fantasy can one enter the Real. This means that no ideology or society is absolutely closed in itself, for we can do and undo fantasies. The articulation between ideology and fantasy appears as a form of renewing the criticism in liberal democracy, moment at which the end of ideology was declared and cynical rationality took place.