Miséria da filosofia: no embate entre Marx e Proudhon, os elementos do método marxiano

Abstract

The current text is the result of studies produced on the work The Poverty of Philosophy, recognizing in the Marxist text from 1847 the first elements of the historical and dialectical materialistic method. The objective of this work is to highlight that, in Marx, the materialistic dialectical method cannot be dissociated in a broader perspective of a radical social transformation. It becomes evident through the fact that, in its criticism towards Proudhon, Marx deconstructs completely the reformist perspective of socialism, opposing it an approach that routes to the deep transformation of society as the only alternative to the overcoming of the existent contradictions in capitalism. The work is an important contribution to the analysis of the reformist perspectives, as well as to understand better the naturalization of the bourgeoisie social relations. When the polarization between good and bad sides of society is not accepted, the German philosopher points the belief that the same social relations that create wealth also create the poverty of those who produce it. Wealth is purely a bourgeoisie wealth and not a social one. In the text analyzed here, Marxist method’s principles are outlined, principles which, in fact, will remain vivid and present throughout all the Marxist work.