Método da economia política – algumas indicações para uma reflexão sobre a pesquisa em educação

Abstract

It is presented a discussion about the process of scientific knowledge, considering methodological notes of the theoretical work of Karl Marx (1974), notes that may indicate contributions to the development of scientific research in education. The discussion that emerges and that refers to theoretical research, from Marxian methodological notes, sought in the work of Miriam Limon Cardoso (1977, 1990) position regarding the "correct scientific method" as suggested by Marx, from his criticism of the method of classical political economy, Ano 2 n.5 Agosto – Dezembro 2014 p.140 - 150 141 once Marx (1974) begins the process of knowledge of capitalist material production from the criticism of the method of the classical economists in their knowledge processes of the economic production. The liberal economists’ scientific method starts by the real, understood as empirical, and reach conclusions by producing abstractions of simple and general character, abstractions enough as explanation of material production. Rectifying this method, Marx asserts that the "correct scientific method" begins by the abstract and reaches a concrete knowledge when dealing with reality as "a synthesis of multiple determinations". Cardoso (1977, 1990), from the critique of Marx (1974) to the method of knowledge of the classical economists, explains that the "correct scientific method" is the one that begins in the abstract, theoretical knowledge, seeking the concrete knowledge over a reality through the knowledge of its determinations. It is the prominence given to determinations that builds knowledge over reality as a "concrete thinking". Although all the criticism that Marx (1974) did to the scientific method of classical economics does not relate to the knowledge in general, the argument of denial of reality identified by the senses and its claim as the "synthesis of multiple determinations"- determinations that affect the subject in society and are recognized in the thought - is paramount in the defense of theoretical and methodological choices which understands that the search work is a theoretical construction work of the knowledge object, work on which the theoretical activity creates from reality a scientific object, highlighting the determinations that makes it "concrete thinking".