Participação dos canais iônicos na hiperreatividade induzida por ovalbumina em traquéias isoladas de ratos

Abstract

In order to verify the interference of the antigenic challenge on traqueal contractility in vitro, male rats (250 -350 g) were ovalbumine (OVA)-sensitized and, 13 to 14 days later, they were challenged through the sensitizing antigen inhalation (OVA, 1 mg/ml, followed by 5 mg/ml). Animals were sacrificed immediately (SD0) or 24 hours (SD24) after the antigenic challenge through chloral hydrate anaesthesia (0,4 g/Kg). Some animals were treated with metilsergide (1 mg/Kg) 40 minutes before the challenge. Control animals (CONT) received only the vehicle (NaCl 0,9 %) by inhalation. Tracheal rings were carefully removed and mounted in a 10 ml isolated bath chamber with modified Krebs-Henseleit solution (at 37±0,5 oC) bubbled with a mixture of 5% of CO2 in 95% of O2. Concentration-effect curves (CCE) were constructed for potassium chloride (KCl), acetycholine (ACh) or serotonin (5-HT). In another experiments, CCE for Ca2+ addition were constructed under Ca2+-free conditions (with 10-5 M EDTA, nifedipine and indomethacin, 10-6 M each) in the presence of KCl, ACh or 5-HT. Sensitization and subsequent antigenic challenge (SD) promoted a significant increase of the maximal response (RM) of the CCE to KCl (force in grams, mean ± S.E.M.: CONT = 0,52 ± 0,01; SD24 = 1,22 ± 0,03; n = 06; p < 0.01), ACh (CONT = 2.11 ± 0,10; SD24 = 3,53 ± 0,03; n = 06; p < 0.01) or to 5-HT (CONT = 0,60 ± 0,03; SD24 = 1,48 ± 0,09; n = 06; p < 0.01). Tracheal rings of sensitized and challenged animals showed a rise in RM for Ca2+ only when they were pre-contracted with KCl (CONT = 0,84 ± 0,08; SD24 = 1,98 ± 0,05; n = 6; p < 0.01) or ACh (CONT = 0,98 ± 0,09; SD24 = 1,54 ± 0,15; n = 6; p < 0,05). When 5-HT was used as agonist this hyperresponsiveness did not occur, being observed only in the nifedipine absence (CONT = 0.81 ± 0,06; SD24 without nifedipine = 1,23 ± 0,08; n = 05; p < 0.01). The sensitized but not challenged animals (SENS) were compared to SD animals in the presence of niflumic acid (AN). AN inhibited the antigenic shock-induced hyperresponsiveness for 5-HT (SENS = 1,28 ± 0,09; SD24 + AN = 1.01 ± 0,08; n = 05), while it was ineffective in inhibit that for the ACh (SENS = 1,44 ± 0,01; SD24 + AN = 1,67 ± 0,03; n = 05; p < 0.01). Therefore, the results show that there is a participation of Ca2+ channels, both voltage- and receptor-operated channels, in the hyperresponsiveness of the respiratory smooth muscle, induced by the representation of the antigen to previously sensitized animals and, in addition, the Cl- channels Ca2+-activated have an important role on 5-HT hyperresponsiveness development.