Método de administração de medicamentos por sonda de alimentação: desenvolvimento, validação e análise da segurança e efetividade

Abstract

The administration of drugs through the enteral nutrition probe (SNE) is still surrounded by many doubts regarding effectiveness and safety, besides the lack of systematization of the method of prescription and administration of these drugs. Often the interdisciplinary team needs to take responsibility for the decision making in the pharmacotherapy of patients who are probed even without support in the scientific literature. OBJECTIVES: To study from the development to the application, a specific method of medication administration by SNE, exemplified, particularly, by the dispersion of the warfarin tablets. METHOD: The study was divided into five phases, namely: a) the first one was to evaluate the dispersion of 108 solid pharmaceutical forms (FFS) in water within a doser; B) the second phase was the assay of the active principle of warfarin tablets, through high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC); C) the third phase was the pharmacotherapeutic follow-up of patients probed on warfarin; D) the fourth phase was to compare the results of phases two and three for the final analysis of the effectiveness of warfarin administration by catheter; and e) the fifth phase that referred to the safety evaluation of catheter administration through the technique proposed with Use of the dosers, where the connectivity of the dosers with the intravenous devices was evaluated. RESULTS: Of the 108 FFS studied, 75.9% (n = 82) dispersed in less than 20 minutes, being considered suitable for the use of the proposed technique. Warfarin presented acid, oxidative and thermal degradation, being these the main points to be worked in the manipulation of this medicine. It did not present basic or photolytic degradation. A total of 733 drug-related problems were identified in the 20 patients who participated in the pharmacotherapeutic follow-up, 43% (n = 315) of the use of warfarin. There was no difference in the techniques used to prepare the warfarin in the doser. The cost of the dosing device was greater than the cost of the syringe, but the use of the syringe proved to be safer, since there is no connection of it to the intravenous access routes due to its diameter 50% larger than that of the syringe. CONCLUSION: The technique proposed for administering drugs through SNE is feasible in terms of execution time, safety and the variety of FFS that can be dispersed.